Working Condition:

​

During the most overloading season, the average working condition was around 13 to 14 hours per day (Reference 1). Despite already having heavy working hours, these workers only received two holidays per month, which also means that Sunday was not counted as a holiday; during this era, Sunday-Holiday system was considered to be exceptional. Although these workers did not work that required dangerous tasks, these heavy-loaded working schedules could be observed to be quite harsh. However, besides from the silk-reeling factories, there were women workers that also worked in dangerous conditions like in the mines.  The working conditions were dangerous and uncared; as even the expectant mothers had no excuse from working.

​

​

​

​

​

​

(Reference 1)

Tim F. Liao, Population, Resources and Female Labor in the Raw Silk Industry of Nagano in Meiji Japan, pp. 29

​